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The Development of Human Civilization (1) : Introduction
By admin | October 7, 2009
The development of human civilization is divided into three phases (Toffler, 1980). The first, Primitive Phase, is when nomadic tribes wandered and focused their production on the raw human power. In this case, life was maintained through collecting fruits and hunting animals. In this process, communities were characterized by small size groups. In fact, because there were no private properties, disputes between the existed groups was rare. Universal poverty built universal justice. Primitive and nomadic pattern would then be replaced by the first wave of human civilization around ten thousand years ago, when people found ways to perform agriculture through taking advantage of weather. People who do not have a business to survive could only survive through the exchange of personal service. In this era, land replaced human labor as the most critical source of production, and manor became the central economic activities.
Second Phase is the wave of industrialization in the mid-eighteenth century, which allowed people to make a giant leap in productivity. Unlike the first phase where the property was land, in the second, property was divided into three factors of production: land, labor, and capital. When the second phase began to spread to the whole world, there were conflicts between groups which supported the industrialization with a group that maintains the pattern of agriculture. However, these were still prohibited by the factors of production and limited resources. The chosen solution by the groups was a war, slavery, colonialism, and imperialism.
With the rapid of technology in the mid-1970s, especially information technology and its impact on human life, physical and time gap between the groups of people became reduced. The old paradigm on the principles of economy, which are based on the scarcity of resources, had loss its attraction. New economy was balanced to estimate the future of the world, which would no longer depend on limited resources.
The horizontal arrow shows time. The vertical arrows shows the combination of affluence, advances in technology, and globalization which is truncated to ATG.
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