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Process of Translation
By admin | December 4, 2008
Nida and Taber (1969: 33) cited in Novianti (2005: 16) divide the process of translating into three phases: 1) analysis of message in the SL; 2) transfer, and; 3) reconstruction of the transferred message in the TL. This process is described in the following figure.
Nida & Taber’s Process of Translating
The analysis phase is the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed. In the transfer phase, the already analyzed materials in phase 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from SL into TL. The reconstruction phase is the phase where the writer rewrites or re-expresses the materials in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and styles in the TL.
Bell (1991: 60) models the process of translation as cascaded and interactive process which contains three major stages –syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic processing. Each of this has to be involved in both analysis and synthesis. He adds that it is (a) possible for some stages to be passed through quickly, and (b) the norm for processing to be a combination of bottom-up and top-down, i.e. the analysis (and later synthesis) of the clause is approached simultaneously by both pattern-recognizing procedures and by inferencing based on previous experience and expectations. Bell, further explains that the process is not linear one in which stage follows stage in strict order. It is an integrated process in which, although every stages must be past through, the order is not fixed and back-tracking, revision, and cancellation of previous decisions are the norm rather than the exception.
Weick cited in Robinson (1997:102) describes that the process of translation might be formulated as (1) translate: act; jump into the text feet first; translate intuitively. (2) Edit: think about what you’ve done; test your intuitive responses against everything you know; but intuitively too, allowing an intuitive first translation to challenge (even successfully) a well reasoned principle that you believe in deeply; let yourself feel the tension between intuitive certainly and cognitive doubt, and don’t automatically choose one over the other; use the act-response-adjustment cycle rather than rigid rules. (3) Sublimate: internalize what you’ve learned through this give-and-take process for later use; make it second nature; make it part of your intuitive repertoire; but sublimate it flexibly, as a directionality that can be redirected in conflictual circumstances; never, however, let subliminal patterns bind your flexibility; always be ready if needed “to doubt, argue, contradict, disbelieve, counter, challenge, question, vacillate, and even act hypocritically.”
Taken from: “A Comparative study on the Translation Methods used in Three Indonesian Translated Versions of Kahlil Gibran’s The Broken Wings” by Mahardhika Zifana (2006)
Topics: Translation >< Terjemahan | 2 Comments »
December 25th, 2009 at 2:45 am
kog ga da referensinya..
it’s important!!
May 14th, 2010 at 1:43 am
greeeaat
helpful